How did The Red Summer Riots start?

The Red Summer refers to the summer and fall of 1919, in which race riots exploded in a number of cities in both the North and South. The three most violent episodes occurred in Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Elaine, Arkansas. On the afternoon of July 27, 1919, a stone-throwing melee between blacks and whites began after a black youth mistakenly swam into territory claimed by whites off the 29th Street beach in Chicago. Amidst the mayhem, Eugene Williams, a black youth, drowned. When a white police officer refused to arrest the white men involved in the death, and instead arrested a black man, racial tensions escalated. Fighting broke out between gangs and mobs of both races. Violence escalated with each incident, and for 13 days Chicago was in a state of turmoil. By the time the riot ended, 23 blacks and 15 whites were dead, 537 injured, and 1,000 black families were left homeless. The Chicago riot was part of a national racial frenzy of clashes, massacres, and lynchings throughout the North and the South. All of the incidents were initiated by whites. In Washington, D.C., from July 19 to 23, four whites and two blacks were killed; whites were astonished that blacks dared to fight back. The NEW YORK TIMES lamented the new black militancy: “There had been no trouble with the Negro before the war when most admitted the superiority of the white race.” A “Southern black woman,” as she identified herself, wrote a letter to THE CRISIS, praising blacks for fighting back. “The Washington riot gave me a thrill that comes once in a life time … at last our men had stood up like men. … I stood up alone in my room … and exclaimed aloud, ‘Oh I thank God, thank God.’ The pent up horror, grief and humiliation of a life time — half a century — was being stripped from me.”

From October 1-3, a race war exploded in Phillips County, Arkansas. On the night of September 30, a small group of black men and women were gathering a rural church to organize a sharecroppers’ and tenant farmers’ union — the Progressive Farmers and Household Union of America. When two white law-enforcement officers arrived at the church, one later claiming they were looking for a bootlegger, shots were exchanged. One white officer was killed and the other wounded. As word of the shootings spread throughout the county, the local sheriff sent out a call for men “to hunt Mr. Nigger in his lair.” The call went out to Mississippi to come to the aid of white men in Phillips County. Hundreds of armed men jumped into trains, trucks, and cars and, crossing into Arkansas, fired out of windows at every black they saw. Some said that if it was black and moving, it was target practice. Frank Moore, one of the farmers at the church, saw the massacre as it unfolded: “The whites sent word that they was comin down here and kill every nigger they found. There were 300 or 400 more white men with guns, shooting and killing women and children.” Soldiers from the United States Army eventually restored order, although some claimed the military participated in the killings. By the time the shooting ended, 25 blacks and five whites were listed as officially dead. Many blacks believed that perhaps as many as 200 were killed, their bodies dumped in the Mississippi River or left to rot in the canebrake. The white establishment charged that blacks had formed a secret conspiracy to rise up and overthrow the white planters, take their land and rape their women. No evidence was ever produced to substantiate the charge.

Try these web sites:

http://www.nbccongress.org/lifestyle/red_summer_1919.asp

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Summer_of_1919

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_red.html

http://www.gapersblock.com/airbags/archives/1919_chicagos_red_summer/

Everyday Summer Look With Wearable Red Lips

Women’s Casual Barn CBS0016 Summer Red Leather $58.45 Multi leather straps in beautiful gradient colors create the perfect thong design. Hand-made leather button with all the delicate details. Super soft leather upper and post. Leather foot bed and outsole. 3/4″ wood heel with non-slip rubber.

Summer of the Red Wolf (CD-Audio) $11.57 Summer of the Red Wolf is the story of a man struggling with the complexities and torments of everyday life who travels to Scotland to fight his inner demons and discovers love, honour and himself along the way. The novel brilliantly captures the feeli…

Iron Man 3 Junior Novel (Paperback) $5.9 Spinning out of the events of Iron Man 2 and this summer?s The Avengers, comes the next chapter in the life of billionaire inventor Tony Stark, otherwise kn…

Regarding the Bathrooms: A Privy to the Past (Paperback) $6.35 Poor Principal Walter Russ. He’s desperate for designer Florence Waters to renovate the school’s disgusting basement bathrooms, and the stress is causing him to get, ahem, all clogged up. Luckily, during their stressful summer-s…

Whistle for Willie (Board book) $7.82 When Whistle for Willie was first published in 1964, The New York Times wrote ?Mr. Keats? illustrations boldly, colorfully capture the child, his city world. and the shimmering heat of a summer?s day.? Now the story of Peter, who longs to…

Oregon – In Stride * $25.85 Disc 0:No track list availableDisc 1:Hop-To-ItAs She SleepsNaaoSummer`s EndOn the RiseGlacial BlueAeolusSong for a FriendPetroglyphCat Piano, TheIn Stride…

Beach Blondes (Paperback) $8.9 Three months. Three guys. One amazing summer. Summer Smith is in for the best summer of her life. Between the cold weather and her boyfriendless existence in Minnesota, Summer is ready for sun, sand, and boys …

RICK GALLAGHER – VOL. 1-SOLO STANDARD $13.85 Disc 1:Heartburn WaltzDriftin’Moonlight in VermontFavelaAmerica the BeautifulIndian SummerRed’s BluesTaking a Chance on LoveFly Me to the MoonThe Sweetest Sound…

Johnson: Away Delights / Sampson, Wadsworth $16.98 Disc 1:Fantasia for lute (from Lord Herbert of Cherbury`s Lute Book)The gipsies` dance, for lute (from Margartet Board Lute Book)As I Walked Forth One Summer`s DayWhere the Bee Sucks, for voice & luteGallyard for…

Future Sound Of London – Future Sound Of London: Vol. 3-Environments (Import) $21.68 Disc 1:Viewed From an Obsure AngleSummer`s DreamSunken ShipsEmpty Land, TheA Glitch in Cellular MemoryRecollectionAccompaniment for Melodious ExpressionAbsolutionOldest Lady, TheA Diversi…

Various Artists – Loon Echo Lake: Exploring Nature With Music [Digipak] $19.36 Disc 1:Vivaldi`s Summer (The Four Seasons)Debussy`s Claire de LuneAwakening VoiceSummer`s Eve on a Mountain LakeLoon Echo LakeLake VoicesFirst LightEye of the NightPool at Baie FineLand o…

Blood Makes Noise (CD-Audio) $11.57 ?Impressive?Widen?s atmospheric thriller, full of broken men in a broken country, succeeds in capturing the hold that Evita had over so many, even in death.? ? Publishers WeeklyOn a summer?s night in 1955, CIA officer Michael Suslov is summoned to a se…

Blood Makes Noise: Library Edition (CD-Audio) $34.68 ?Impressive?Widen?s atmospheric thriller, full of broken men in a broken country, succeeds in capturing the hold that Evita had over so many, even in death.? ? Publishers WeeklyOn a summer?s night in 1955, CIA officer Michael Suslov is summoned to a se…

Blood Makes Noise (CD-Audio) $15.43 ?Impressive?Widen?s atmospheric thriller, full of broken men in a broken country, succeeds in capturing the hold that Evita had over so many, even in death.? ? Publishers WeeklyOn a summer?s night in 1955, CIA officer Michael Suslov is summoned to a se…

2011 New Summer Classic Striped Belted Chiffon Dress $43.99 Color Options: Blue, red Fabric: Double-faced Woolen (70% Polyester, 28% Rayon, 2% Spandex) Size(cm) Length Bust Waist Hip Suitable Height/Bust S 91 90 88 100 155/80A M 92 94 90 104 160/84A Notes: The size is measured by hand. There will be 2cm or so error due to different measurement method and tool.

2011 New Summer Three-quarter Sleeve Short Leather Coat $26.49 Slim fit design; 3/4 sleeve length with elastic finishing; Elastic cuffs; Fabric: 100% viscose and faux leather, ling: 100%polyester; Coolor option: lignt pink red, beige; There will be 1-3cm or so error due to different measurement method and tool. Bust Waist Shoulder width Sleeve Length Length Size(cm) 80 70 33 44 44 S 84 74 34 45 46 M 90 80 34 48 47 L 96 82 37 48 48 XL

2011 Spring/Summer Sweet Feminine Small Floral Printed Chiffon Red Belted Dress $43.99 Color Options: Pink Fabric: Chiffon Size(cm): Free size Length Bust Waist 88 90 102 Notes: The size is measured by hand. There will be a little error due to different measurement method and tool.

2011 Summer Loose Mercerized Woolen Sweater $21.99 Color : light pink, rosy red, black, green Ingredients: 27.3% mercerized wool and 72.7%acrylic Classic ruched round neck; There will be 1-3cm or so error due to different measurement method and tool. Length Waist Bust Shoulder Size(cm) 54 82 88 30 S 56 84 94 32 M 59 88 100 32 L

2011 Summer New European/American Style Peacock Printed Round Neck Long-sleeved Slim Fit Casual T-shirt $37.99 Color options: White, Dark Red, Tan Fabric: 77.% cotton, 15.3 polyester and 7.2 % spandex Size Bust(cm) Shoulder Width(cm) Sleeve Length(cm) Length(cm) S 76 30 57 49 M 82 31 58 50 L 84 32 59 50 XL 86 33 60 51 There will be 1-3cm error due to different measurement method and tool.

2011 Summer New Fashion Dress $30.99 Color Options: Blue, green, red, light gray Fabric: Linen Size(cm) Length Bust Waist Cuff Hem 62 92 88 22 72 Notes: The size is measured by hand. There will be 1-2cm error due to different measurement method and tool.

2011 Summer New Women’s Versatile Striped Sleeveless Dress $33.49 Color Options: Red, black, light gray Fabric: Cotton + Spandex Size(cm) Length Shoulder Width Bust 114 31 82 160 116 33 84 165 118 35 86 170 There will be 1-3cm or so error due to different measurement method and tool.

2011 Summer Women’s European/American Style Pastoral Small Floral Print Shoulder Strap Dress $36.99 Color Options: Red Fabric: Silk Size(cm) Length Bust Hem 64 82 102 Notes: The size is measured by hand. There will be 1-2cm error due to different measurement method and tool.

2011 Summer Women’s Petal Shoulder Striped Chiffon Dress $32.49 Color Options: Blue, red, white Fabric: Chiffon Size(cm) Length Bust Waist S 85 86 72 M 85 90 76 L 85 94 80 Notes: The size is measured by hand. There will be 1-2cm error due to different measurement method and tool.

2011 Women’s Spring/Summer New Frilled Floor-length Strapless Beach Long Chiffon Dress $37.99 Color Options: Black, red Fabric: Chiffon Size(cm): Free size Length Bust Waist 114 65-106 65-90 Notes: The size is measured by hand. There will be 1-3cm or so error due to different measurement method and tool.

Fashion Women’s Sweet Polka Dots Printed Chain Tank Dress $33.49 This attractive tank dress is from the renown brand rutisher; Beautiful dress features trendy polka dots prints making it feminine and eye-catching; Stylish metal chains adorn the front chest help you stand out from your girlfriends; Ruched elastic waist highlights your perfect figure; Goes perfectly with stylish belts; Captivating tank dress is perfect to show off your charm in summer. The must-have piece of the season you should not miss! Fabric: 100% polyester; Color options: black, red; Note: There will be 1-3cm error due to different measurement method and tool. Size (cm) S M L XL Center Back 65 67 69 71 Bust 82 86 90 94 Waist 66 70 74 78 Suitbale Shape 155 160 165 170

Men’s Chic Casual Small Check Contrast Button-down Collar Short-sleeved Shirt $25.99 Stay in trend with this Casual shirt in summer 2011; Unique small check patterns interpret your tasteful fashion attitude; Contrast button-down collar enhance your contemporary stylish look; Back Darts create a flattering silhouette; concealed full button placket; Curved hemline; It is perfect with jeans and casual pants; Trendy Small Check Shirt – fashionistas should have!; Color option: red; Note: There will be 1-3cm error due to different measurement method and tool. Size Length Bust Hemline Shoulder width Sleeve Length Waist Armhole S 70 94 94 42 20 89 22 (cm) M 71 97 97 43 21 91 22.5 (cm) L 73.5 101 101 44.5 21.5 96 23 (cm) XL (cm) 76 106 106 47 22 101 24 XXL (cm) 78 112 112 49 23 106 25

Men’s Trendy Polka Dots Long-sleeved Straight-point Collar Pure Cotton Shirt $35.99 Look for a tasteful piece for summer? Take this trendy shirt from Monteamor! Unique polka dots patterns make you easily stand out from your partners or colleagues; Trendy no back darts design; Classic straight point collar; Full button placket; Two-button angle cuffs; Long sleeves; Sophisticated design is fabulous for both holiday and work; Quality and comfy fabric of 100% cotton is creaseless and easy-care; Color option: blue, red; Note: There will be 1-3cm error due to different measurement method and tool. Size (CM) 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 Suitbale Shape 160/80A 165/84A 170/88A 175/92A 180/96A 180/100A 185/104A Length 71 73 75 77 79 80 81 Shoulder Width 44.2 45.4 46.6 47.8 49 50.2 51.4 Bust 98 102 106 110 114 118 122 Wasit 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 Hemline 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 Sleeve Length 57.5 59 60.5 62 63 64 65

Summer New Arrival Lurex Embellished Red Deep V-neck OL Style Evening Dress $21.03 Fabric: cotton Size Length Bust F 85 80-90

Women’s 2011 Summer New Arrival Ink Painting Printed Red Chiffon Floral Dress $24.99 Color Options: Red Fabric: Silk Size(cm) Length(strap) Shoulder Width Bust Waist S 88(46) 35 80-88 64 M 88(46) 35 82-90 66 Notes: The size is measured by hand. There will be 2cm error due to different measurement method and tool.

Women’s 2011 Summer New Leopard Printed Sexy Bohemian Style Beach Long Chiffon Dress $45.99 Color Options: Blue, red, yellow Fabric: Chiffon Size(cm) :free size Length Bust 123(without strap) 70-94 Notes: The size is measured by hand. There will be 1-3cm or so error due to different measurement method and tool.

Women’s Chic Sequined Ruffled Neckline Round-neck Chiffon Dress $25.49 Create your new style in summer 2011 with this attractive dress; Beautiful dress features exquisite sequined from waist down to the hem, making it feminine and eye-catching; Sophisticated pleating at the neckline makes you more curvaceous; Crafted of top quality chiffon; Short sleeve design with round neck; Captivating dress of sequined design is perfect to show off your feminine charm in summer 2011. Color options: red; Note: There will be 1-3cm error due to different measurement method and tool. Size Bust Waist Length Sleeve Length Cuff Shoulder Width M 84 76 91 14 20 34 (cm) L 88 80 92 15 21 35 (cm)

Women’s Romantic Frilled Embroidered Neckline Sleeveless Pure Silk Dress $81.99 Freshen up your fashion wardrobe with this romantic dress; Simple yet sophisticated cut make you perfect body shape; Frilled design from the neckline to the hem shows off women’s feminity and softness; Exquisite embroidered neckline reveals the contemporary casual look; Sleeveless and round neck design; Quality and comfortable silk is fabulous for summer; Color option: black, red; Note: There will be 1-3cm error due to different measurement method and tool. Size Bust Waist Length Hip S/2 84 75 84 90 (cm) M/4 88 79 85 94 (cm) L/6 92 83 86 98 (cm) XL/8 96 87 87 102 (cm)

Women’s Solid Pleated Turtleneck Puff Sleeve Rayon-spandex T-shirt $18.49 Complete your modern wardrobe with this elegant top from Moonbasa brand; This solid top is going to be a big hit in spring and summer for the office ladies; Clothes from Moonbasa brand are an ideal choice to shape the sophisticated and experienced look in the office, also perfect to make your own fashion statement; T-shirt is fashioned with turtleneck and puff sleeve to create the unique and elegant charm; Simple T-shirt is easy to go with everything, suitable to wear everyday; Fabrics: 95% rayon and 5% spandex; Color options: Black, White and Red. Note: There will be 1-3cm error due to different measurement method and tool. Size Length Bust Shoulder Width Sleeve Length Suitable Shape S 54.5 80 31 29.5 155/80A (cm) M 56 84 32 30 160/84A (cm) L 57.5 88 33 30.5 165/88A (cm) XL 59 92 34 31 170/92A (cm)

Women’s Versatile Red Striped Racerback Tank $13.99 In colorful summer, the vest is essential for girls; Fabric adopts 65% polyester, 35% cotton Cut: regular cut Pattern: stripe Size (cm) Suitable Shape Bust Waist Length Hem XS 155/76A 67 60 54 71 S 160/80A 71 64 55 75 M 165/84A 75 68 57 79 L 170/88A 79 72 59 83 XL 175/92A 83 76 61 87